Since the first positive test result of an innovative product, the creators and owners of the project there is a lot of features and at least one dilemma of what to do to continue and deepen the process of funding the next stages of commercialization
Many are hesitant to move, allowing one go (in case of success) to get the necessary amount of money, but it needs to make the company public and open all of the information (including tax) for the general public, they go to private investors, and very often on a completely outrageous terms
Those who are not looking at an alarming uncertainty and vague prospects still prepare a memorandum of the Exchange, and embark on a dangerous, but at the same time an exciting venture, starting a complex and unpredictable path to success or failure
Here are some of the most striking examples, and examples from the life of the largest and most successful companies in the world of technology:
... Shares of Electronic Arts, the publisher of the video game series as NHL, NBA Live, FIFA, Battlefield, and SimCity, jumped in early trading on the Nasdaq at eight percent and became one of the leaders of the auction.

Now one security company costs about $ 14, and all Electronic Arts - more than $ 4.5 billion.
The reason for the sharp rise in share prices could be an article in The New York Post, which says that the company began negotiating the sale of the business. According to a source publication, the transaction can be prepared for the price of $ 20 per share.
In itself this information to Electronic Arts called rumors and declined to comment on it. (Also one of the many costs of publicity)
Sellers of games for computers and consoles are not going through the best time due to changes in the market in the U.S. sold less and less as the games themselves, and video game consoles for gaming.
As a result, investors sell shares of the largest developers and publishers. So, Electronic Arts last year fell by more than 30 percent.
Because of the sharp drop in the company's capitalization had to start buying its own shares from the market, resulting in a short-term increase in demand for them: for the last month capitalization Electronic Arts has grown by 23 percent.
... Shares of Facebook in early trading on the Nasdaq on August 16 fell 6.75 percent, having survived so new large-scale collapse and updating the historical minimum. Now it is 19.77 dollars. Three months ago, during the IPO Facebook, they were sold for $ 38.
The sharp decrease in the value of shares on August 16 is likely due to the fact that expired on Thursday, during which some investors had the right to sell their shares of the company Mark Zuckerberg. Such a condition was put to shareholders of the social network to support the shares immediately after the IPO.
"Unfreezing" of the shares will take place in several stages. The next one, as indicated by The USA Today, October 16, and the most ambitious "defrost" will have on November 15. It is already for sale on August 16 received more shares than they sold during the IPO.
It is possible that many investors, who on August 16, are allowed to sell shares of Facebook, now do not take advantage of their right, hoping that the stock will grow in value.
Initial public offering on Nasdaq Facebook brought $ 16 billion, making the IPO is one of the largest in U.S. history.
It is already the second day of trading stocks began to fall in price relative to the cost of accommodation. For three months they have fallen by almost half - about 48 percent.
This is all well-known examples of high-tech ...
We now turn to the facts of a real and mundane sphere:
This is the area of food, directly related to the field of energy and time with energy even with the field of environmental
In mid-August 2012, several European banks, one after another banned unparalleled financial instruments used to profit from rising food prices.
The banks believe that conducting transactions at a time when the cost of corn, wheat and other commodities is growing because of the drought in the U.S., is likely to harm their reputation.
Prices of goods and financial instruments that are generated on the exchange, are considered basic for a variety of contracts directly with the Exchange and unrelated. As an example, even though oil - Russian companies sell hydrocarbons foreigners are not in the marketplace, and by traders who, in turn, determine the cost of crude oil purchased from the Russians and selling them to their customers proceeding from quotes.
Exchange form pricing in today's world the most perfect.
Nevertheless, it is not ideal, because the stock market, in addition to those who are truly interested in a particular product, trade and professional financiers.
Their task can be briefly described by the words "buy cheap, sell expensive" - they are trying to find a product whose price may soon change much, and to invest in it in order to sell at a convenient time for a different value.
For speculators, in particular, were invented derivatives, derivatives that do not need to get the underlying asset, and to capitalize on the correct market predictions.
For them mathematicians have developed various kinds of robots - they are using technical analysis can find patterns not seen "naked" eye, and make operations much faster than humans.
In this kind of speculation is nothing illegal. Moreover, they help to fill the market with money, which complicates handling stock exchange prices: on the trading floors, where there is no money financiers dramatically change the cost of a product can be just one or two big deals.
However, sometimes an abundance of speculators leads to the fact that the basic rules on the exchange of market economy (for example, the cost of goods dependent on the balance of supply and demand) may not work.
Especially for peak periods when the market is inflated "bubble", and full of such "bubbles" often the money speculators.
To not go away from the topic, it is appropriate to give another example, and also in the history of the oil trade. In 2008, when oil reached its all-time highs above $ 140 a barrel of U.S. WTI, the producers of hydrocarbons (primarily Saudi Arabia) said that it makes no sense to market more oil because the price is not affected. In their view, market value of oil has been associated with an increase in the activity of speculators and the falling dollar.
Similar accusations of producers can be heard in 2011, when oil prices jumped in on fears regarding supply disruptions from Libya, and in 2012, when the cost of hydrocarbons began to grow because of fears of traders that Western sanctions Iran will lead to a shortage in the industry.
Assurances of Saudi Arabia and other countries that they can easily make up for the deficit by increasing domestic production, in the calculation of speculators were taken.
The price of oil - one of the most important indicators of the world economy, from it ultimately depends on the cost of almost all goods in the world, because to the consumer they have to drop off, and for this you need a gasoline or kerosene.
However, few people are wondering how ethically exploit oil contracts and artificially inflate the price of hydrocarbons.
It is quite another - food commodities: wheat, corn, soybeans. Inflating a bubble in these market segments threatens to go up the food, and, therefore, suffer the poorest, for whom the cost of food - basic.
That concern for the poor - the main driving force of the protests against speculation. They are fighting organizations such as the Food Watch and the World Development Movement. They have been operating for years, their various petitions to officials and financiers appeared on the Internet with surprising regularity.
The site World Development Movement, for example, you can find a link to the 100 studies and interviews with famous people, in which the authors claim that speculation has either a strong or very strong impact on food and feed markets.
Also posted words of the famous investor George Soros - in 2008, he compared the speculators on food to people who do not sell food in the midst of hunger and hoping that she is still a little more expensive.
The opinion of such organizations in the world is not the only or even dominant. According to The Financial Times, and the International Monetary Fund, and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) had special studies on speculation, and came to the conclusion that the market price has a greater impact did the balance of supply and demand, and not deal in derivatives traders.
Perhaps it was the opposition in the face of such respected organizations and has led to the fact that for the time being significant resonance protests World Development Movement, Food Watch had.
The situation changed in 2012, when disgruntled speculation unwittingly helped the drought in the U.S., which destroyed a quarter of the maize crop in the country. This, of course, immediately raised the price of food markets to new highs, raising concerns once again to talk about those who are just corn and feed.
As a result, by mid-August the European banks, one after another began to refuse the provision of tools to profit from rising food prices - now already six such banks. In particular, such a move endorsed in Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank - banks targeted by many financial institutions less. And in fact, in both cases we are talking about tools for hundreds of millions or even billions of dollars.
The banks themselves do not recognize that speculation leads to higher prices and explain their decisions concern power: in the end, is not that important, the right to criticize speculators or not, it is important that now, during the famine, their views began to listen. If this goes on, then followed by some banks on the validity of stock trading may reflect and policy, and then complain to fit by the very speculators
Yet for inventors most appropriate financing option is a stock exchange, or rather the placement of shares on the stock exchange, which is the development of an innovative project
For various institutional options for different levels of technological and commercial success of innovative projects, such as the U.S. is for the operational support of innovative projects, system regulated by three federal laws
The law, known as Rule 504.

Offering (adopted starting price of a share to $ 1 per share)

1. According to this law, placement should not exceed $ 1 million for any consecutive 12 months.

2. Investment companies can not use the transaction category Regulation D.

3. All the general requirements applicable Regulation D excluding information.

Placement of shares under this Act may be repeated several times, of course, if in the process of commercialization been clear progress

The law known as Rule 505.

The placement of shares worth up to $ 5 million (generally starting price of one dollar per share)

1. Placement shall not exceed $ 5 million in any period of 12 months.

2. Securities can buy an unlimited number of accredited investors and
More than 35 non-accredited investors.

3. All the general requirements applicable Regulation D except news,
which do not apply in relation to accredited investors.

The law known as Rule 506.

According to this law allows placement on the stock exchange an unlimited number of shares in any amount

1. The size of accommodation is not limited.

2. Securities can buy an unlimited number of accredited investors and
More than 35 non-accredited investors.

3. All the general requirements applicable Regulation D except news,
which do not apply in relation to accredited investors
4. All non-accredited investors must demonstrate the Exchange Issuer that they have the knowledge, have experience in financial operations and are able to assess the risks of investing

Despite the outward seeming simplicity of obtaining a stock of tools for the development of the project and to bring innovative new products to market, not only start-up companies, but also the powerful innovative companies may be experiencing some difficulties, and their position on the stock exchange is almost never stable

The most common cause of this instability is the panic and other subjective reasons are not related to the innovation process and the level of the technological level of the company's projects, the selected stock exchange financing tool

Here is a real example of such a stock of the situation

Shares of software maker Autodesk at the opening of trading on August 24 fell by 21.5 per cent to $ 28. According to Bloomberg, the fall was highest in the last three years. As of 18:30 Moscow shares traded at $ 30.
After markets closed on August 23 AutoCAD developer unveiled results of the second quarter of this fiscal year (ended July 31). The company's profit compared to the same period last year fell by 9 percent to 64.6 million. Revenue rose 4 percent to 568.7 million dollars.
Surprise to investors was the revision of the forecast of the outcome of the current financial year: the company expects revenue growth of 6.4 per cent to 2.35 billion dollars, while the earlier projected to increase by 10 percent.
Analysts polled by Bloomberg, expected to rise to 2.43 billion dollars. In addition, the Autodesk forecast drop in profitability by 2.1 per cent, previously expected growth rate of 1.2 percent.
The company also announced the impending restructuring, which would entail additional costs of $ 50-60 million. To reduce the cost Autodesk intends to cut about 500 employees this year and about the same in the next.

To be continued ...